Soils, flora and landscapes have intrinsic values (e.g. aesthetic, cultural and social values) which can hardly be valuated. These values can be a basis for tourism and recreation. “Cultural landscapes”, or man-made landscapes (in German “Kulturlandschaft”, in Dutch “Cultuurlanschap” ) can be unique from a cultural, social and historical point of view. One has to be aware of the fact that these intrinsic values are often public goods (e.g. esthetical value of a landscape, biodiversity on an alpine meadow) whereas the challenges from the demand side are often private interests (e.g. infrastructure for tourism, real estate).