The hydrological cycle between soil, surface water, groundwater and atmosphere largely relies on an undisturbed landscape. Sealing of soil surfaces, limited river bank infiltration, soil compaction, etc. can interrupt the water cycle and impede the water quality. As a consequence of climatic change parts of Europe may be subject to severe water shortages or surpluses. Both will affect agricultural productivity. In coastal zones a lowering of the groundwater table might enhance the salt water intrusion into the groundwater. In inland areas, an enhanced irrigation and evaporation may lead to a salinization of the agricultural soils.