BE-5 :: Remediation technology for contaminated soil, groundwater, sediment

A lot of knowledge related to remediation technology of contaminated land is already available, but should be continuously updated, fine-tuned and disseminated in order to keep the implementation (including policymaking) sustainable, cost-effective and capable to tackle possible risks due to contamination.
Research questions:
Demand
The combination of soil and sediment remediation with other activities (e.g. energy production) could give a positive imago to remediation actions which are usually only considered as a “cost”. It can also inspire and convince “less experienced” countries/regions/enterprises to start with remediation. What kind of research is needed to develop and test the win-win-situations and disseminate the knowledge and inspiring examples?
Land Management
How to optimize existing and innovative remediation technology for contaminated soil, groundwater, sediment (e.g. for big urban VOC-plumes, e.g. for low permeable geology, e.g. cleaning soil contaminated with multiple parameters,…)?
How could phytoremediation/mycoremediation/bioremediation be used to remediate or manage contaminated soil, groundwater, sediment (long term management)? How could naturebased solutions (inspired by nature e.g. enhancing/using soil biodiversity) be useful and how can they be incorporated in the remediation process (long term remediation, management or restoration)?
Impact of land management
How to make remediation of contaminated soil, groundwater, sediment more sustainable and cost-effective (e.g. lower energy consumption, cleaning of soil, …)?